Everything about Abram Ioffe totally explained
Abram Fedorovich Ioffe ( –
October 14,
1960) was a prominent
Soviet/
Russian
physicist born in
Ukraine. He was awarded Stalin Prize in 1942, Lenin Prize in 1960 (posthumously), Hero of Socialist Labor in 1955.
Career overview
In the course of his career, Ioffe researched
electromagnetism,
radiology, features of
crystals, physics of high impact,
thermoelectricity,
photoelectricity, and was a leading force in building new research laboratories for
radioactivity,
superconductivity, and
nuclear physics. Many of these laboratories later became independent institutes.
Ioffe's pedagogical efforts resulted in the Soviet school of physics, his students include
Aleksandr Aleksandrov,
Yakov Dorfman,
Pyotr Kapitsa,
Isaak Kikoin,
Igor Kurchatov,
Yakov Frenkel,
Nikolay Semyonov,
Lev Artsimovich and others.
Biography
Ioffe was born into a middle-class
Jewish family in small town of
Romny,
Russian Empire (now in
Sumy region,
Ukraine). After graduating from
Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology in 1902, he spent two years as an assistant to
Wilhelm Roentgen in his
Munich laboratory. Ioffe completed his
Ph.D. at
Munich University in 1905. This same year Ioffe stated he saw the names of two authors,
Einstein –
Marić, on the
Annus Mirabilis papers when they were submitted. This lends support to the claim that the work was a co-authorship between Einstein and his wife, though most historians of science don't think this is so.
After 1906 Ioffe worked in the
Saint Petersburg (from 1924 Leningrad)
Polytechnical Institute where he eventually became a professor. In 1911 Ioffe converted to
Lutheranism in order to marry a non-Jew. In 1913 he attained the title of Magister of Philosophy, in 1915 - Doctor of Physics. In 1918 he became a head of Physics and Technology division in
State Institute of Roentgenology and Radiology. This division later became the
Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute.
Ioffe refused a job offer of directing the Soviet project to build the
nuclear bomb on account of being too old. He saw great promise in the young
Igor Kurchatov, and in 1942 placed him in charge of the first nuclear laboratory. During
Stalin's campaign against the so-called "
rootless cosmopolitans" (Jews), in 1950 Ioffe was made redundant from his position of the Director of Institute and from the Board of Directors. In 1952-1954 he headed the Laboratory of Semiconductors of Academy of Sciences of the USSR, which in 1954 was reorganized into Institute of Semiconductors.
Ioffe attained a US Patent on the
piezoelectric effect.
Related
Patents
"Translating device"
References and external link
Annotated bibliography for Abram Ioffe from the Alsos Digital Library for Nuclear Issues
Further Information
Get more info on 'Abram Ioffe'.
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